5/27/2025
Last update
5/27/2025
Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 9 Researches
7.3
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 3 Reviews
8.6
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 Veg Capsule
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Magnesium (elemental) (from Magnesium Oxide, Magnesium Citrate and Magnesium Aspartate)
400 mg
95%
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
Read More
8
We wanted to understand the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of kidney stones. By examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2018, we were able to analyze the self-reported history of kidney stones among participants.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Read More
3
We explored the effects of magnesium on kidney stones, focusing specifically on how it might influence urinary chemistry and calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Using genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats, we divided the animals into three groups, each receiving different levels of magnesium for six weeks.
After analyzing the 24-hour urine collection, we observed notable changes depending on magnesium intake. Those on a low magnesium diet had higher urinary supersaturation levels of CaOx, while the high magnesium group showed a significant decrease in urinary supersaturation. However, we need to stress that despite these changes in urine chemistry, magnesium did not impact the actual formation of calcium oxalate stones within the study period.
In summary, while increasing dietary magnesium can lower supersaturation in urine, it doesn't appear to prevent the formation of calcium oxalate stones in this rat model. This finding is important for understanding the role of magnesium in kidney stone prevention.
After analyzing the 24-hour urine collection, we observed notable changes depending on magnesium intake. Those on a low magnesium diet had higher urinary supersaturation levels of CaOx, while the high magnesium group showed a significant decrease in urinary supersaturation. However, we need to stress that despite these changes in urine chemistry, magnesium did not impact the actual formation of calcium oxalate stones within the study period.
In summary, while increasing dietary magnesium can lower supersaturation in urine, it doesn't appear to prevent the formation of calcium oxalate stones in this rat model. This finding is important for understanding the role of magnesium in kidney stone prevention.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Kidney health improvement
I spent a long time searching for the right magnesium for my kidney health and found it with this product. I've tried various types over the years, and after learning of my weak kidney, I discovered magnesium oxide online. This supplement from NOW contains 400 mg of magnesium oxide, citrate, and aspartate, and I'm now very satisfied.
Read More
9
Pain relief achieved
This magnesium supplement, prescribed at 400 mg daily for dermatitis, has worked wonders for me. I noticed significant improvements, and my mother, suffering from severe back pain related to kidney stones, found relief within two days of taking it during a difficult time. It calms the nervous system, which is invaluable given her stressful situation.
Read More
9
Bone health support
NOW's magnesium citrate is excellent for those prone to kidney stones. It assists in bone mineralisation, alleviates acid reflux, and aids bowel movements. Additionally, it helps activate vitamin D in the kidneys, supporting bone health and lowering diabetes risk. Magnesium citrate also has soothing properties that can help with mood swings, making it a beneficial supplement overall.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 9 Researches
7.3
- All Researches
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
Read More
8
We analyzed how magnesium levels in urine might influence the occurrence of kidney stones. The study involved a mix of 468 patients who had been diagnosed with various types of urinary stones and underwent a detailed 24-hour urine analysis.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
Read More
8
We analyzed a study focused on the effects of a combination of probiotics, potassium, and magnesium on kidney stone formation, specifically looking at crystalluria, which is the presence of crystals in urine that can signal the recurrence of kidney stones. The study involved 23 patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones who had crystalluria but normal metabolic profiles.
Over the course of 20 days, the patients received daily supplementation with beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium breve, along with potassium citrate and magnesium. After treatment, we observed a decrease in the presence of crystalluria at multiple follow-up points—1, 3, 6, and 12 months later.
Interestingly, while we noted that the probiotics and other agents helped reduce crystalluria, the study did not isolate the specific effects of magnesium alone. Therefore, we must be cautious in drawing firm conclusions about magnesium’s standalone effectiveness in this context.
Overall, the findings suggest that combining these supplements can be beneficial for patients with kidney stones, but the role of magnesium specifically requires further investigation.
Over the course of 20 days, the patients received daily supplementation with beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium breve, along with potassium citrate and magnesium. After treatment, we observed a decrease in the presence of crystalluria at multiple follow-up points—1, 3, 6, and 12 months later.
Interestingly, while we noted that the probiotics and other agents helped reduce crystalluria, the study did not isolate the specific effects of magnesium alone. Therefore, we must be cautious in drawing firm conclusions about magnesium’s standalone effectiveness in this context.
Overall, the findings suggest that combining these supplements can be beneficial for patients with kidney stones, but the role of magnesium specifically requires further investigation.
Read More
8
We aimed to find out how magnesium affects urinary levels of magnesium and citrate in people who form kidney stones and have low magnesium in their urine. By examining medical records, we compared two approaches: one group increased their magnesium through foods, while the other group received magnesium supplements.
We focused on adult patients whose urine magnesium levels were less than 70 mg a day. Following our recommendations, we observed significant changes after both dietary increases and supplementation. Those who took magnesium supplements showed a more pronounced improvement—about 88% were able to raise their urine magnesium to at least 70 mg a day, compared to just 58% in the dietary group.
Interestingly, only the supplement group showed a noticeable increase in urine citrate levels, which is also crucial in the prevention of kidney stones. Overall, both dietary and supplemental magnesium effectively improved magnesium levels, but supplementation had greater success in achieving desirable levels.
We focused on adult patients whose urine magnesium levels were less than 70 mg a day. Following our recommendations, we observed significant changes after both dietary increases and supplementation. Those who took magnesium supplements showed a more pronounced improvement—about 88% were able to raise their urine magnesium to at least 70 mg a day, compared to just 58% in the dietary group.
Interestingly, only the supplement group showed a noticeable increase in urine citrate levels, which is also crucial in the prevention of kidney stones. Overall, both dietary and supplemental magnesium effectively improved magnesium levels, but supplementation had greater success in achieving desirable levels.
Read More
8
We wanted to understand the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the prevalence of kidney stones. By examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2018, we were able to analyze the self-reported history of kidney stones among participants.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Our findings indicated that those who consumed higher amounts of magnesium appeared to have a lower likelihood of experiencing kidney stones. Specifically, the average daily magnesium intake was lower in individuals with kidney stones, suggesting that magnesium might play a role in kidney stone formation.
In our analysis, we discovered that when grouped into different levels of magnesium intake, those in the highest intake category had significantly reduced odds of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest intake category. This trend suggests a protective effect of dietary magnesium against kidney stone disease.
While our results are promising, we recognize that further research is needed to determine if there is a direct causal relationship between magnesium intake and kidney stones. The evidence points towards a beneficial link, but more prospective studies will help clarify this important topic for better health outcomes.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 3 Reviews
8.6
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Kidney health improvement
I spent a long time searching for the right magnesium for my kidney health and found it with this product. I've tried various types over the years, and after learning of my weak kidney, I discovered magnesium oxide online. This supplement from NOW contains 400 mg of magnesium oxide, citrate, and aspartate, and I'm now very satisfied.
Read More
9
Pain relief achieved
This magnesium supplement, prescribed at 400 mg daily for dermatitis, has worked wonders for me. I noticed significant improvements, and my mother, suffering from severe back pain related to kidney stones, found relief within two days of taking it during a difficult time. It calms the nervous system, which is invaluable given her stressful situation.
Read More
9
Bone health support
NOW's magnesium citrate is excellent for those prone to kidney stones. It assists in bone mineralisation, alleviates acid reflux, and aids bowel movements. Additionally, it helps activate vitamin D in the kidneys, supporting bone health and lowering diabetes risk. Magnesium citrate also has soothing properties that can help with mood swings, making it a beneficial supplement overall.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Pain relief achieved
This magnesium supplement, prescribed at 400 mg daily for dermatitis, has worked wonders for me. I noticed significant improvements, and my mother, suffering from severe back pain related to kidney stones, found relief within two days of taking it during a difficult time. It calms the nervous system, which is invaluable given her stressful situation.
9
Kidney health improvement
I spent a long time searching for the right magnesium for my kidney health and found it with this product. I've tried various types over the years, and after learning of my weak kidney, I discovered magnesium oxide online. This supplement from NOW contains 400 mg of magnesium oxide, citrate, and aspartate, and I'm now very satisfied.
9
Bone health support
NOW's magnesium citrate is excellent for those prone to kidney stones. It assists in bone mineralisation, alleviates acid reflux, and aids bowel movements. Additionally, it helps activate vitamin D in the kidneys, supporting bone health and lowering diabetes risk. Magnesium citrate also has soothing properties that can help with mood swings, making it a beneficial supplement overall.
7
We investigated how magnesium levels in domestic water may affect the risk of kidney stones, a common and painful health issue. This study followed 288,041 participants in the UK Biobank who had no previous history of kidney stones, gathering data over an 18-year period from 2006 to 2024.
Our findings highlighted an interesting relationship between magnesium and kidney stones. We observed that higher magnesium levels in water could actually lower the risk of developing these stones, particularly in younger men and those without kidney issues. However, for the broader population, domestic water hardness and calcium concentrations did not seem to have a significant impact on kidney stone formation.
We also noted that participants over 60 years old and females were more susceptible to kidney stones in relation to hard water and its calcium content. This insight prompts a closer look at the role of minerals like magnesium and calcium in kidney stone prevention, particularly in different age groups and demographics. Overall, while magnesium appeared beneficial, our results underscore the complex nature of how various minerals interact and influence kidney stone risks.
Our findings highlighted an interesting relationship between magnesium and kidney stones. We observed that higher magnesium levels in water could actually lower the risk of developing these stones, particularly in younger men and those without kidney issues. However, for the broader population, domestic water hardness and calcium concentrations did not seem to have a significant impact on kidney stone formation.
We also noted that participants over 60 years old and females were more susceptible to kidney stones in relation to hard water and its calcium content. This insight prompts a closer look at the role of minerals like magnesium and calcium in kidney stone prevention, particularly in different age groups and demographics. Overall, while magnesium appeared beneficial, our results underscore the complex nature of how various minerals interact and influence kidney stone risks.
8
We analyzed how magnesium levels in urine might influence the occurrence of kidney stones. The study involved a mix of 468 patients who had been diagnosed with various types of urinary stones and underwent a detailed 24-hour urine analysis.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
Our investigation found that 24-hour urinary magnesium was positively associated with both kidney stones and stones in multiple locations. Specifically, higher levels of magnesium corresponded with increased risk for these conditions. This relationship was particularly interesting because magnesium was highly correlated with another mineral, urinary phosphorus.
On the flip side, we also identified that 24-hour urinary creatinine acted as a protective factor against kidney and ureter stones, suggesting that maintaining adequate creatinine levels could potentially help prevent these types of stones. Additionally, eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was noted as a risk factor especially for ureter stones and those that appear in multiple locations.
Ultimately, our study underscores that while magnesium is linked to stone formation, there are other contributing factors at play as well. This knowledge could guide improvements in dietary or medicinal strategies aimed at preventing kidney stones, especially emphasizing the need for a balanced intake of minerals in our diets.
9
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore how magnesium treatments influence kidney stones, specifically for those with high levels of oxalate in their urine. Our study involved 90 participants with a history of calcium kidney stones, all of whom were experiencing idiopathic hyperoxaluria. They were divided into three groups receiving either magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit), or a placebo for eight weeks, while their diets were monitored to keep nutritional intake consistent.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
After the treatment period, we observed promising results. Both MgO and MgCit effectively reduced the excretion of oxalate in urine, which is a key factor in kidney stone formation. The Group taking magnesium citrate showed even more significant reductions in both oxalate levels and the calcium oxalate supersaturation index, which measures the concentration of stone-forming minerals in urine. This was notably true for participants with normal magnesium levels.
Overall, we found that magnesium supplements might play a beneficial role in decreasing critical risk factors for kidney stones, especially for those using magnesium citrate. It's encouraging to see that this may offer a practical option for those struggling with recurrent stones due to high oxalate excretion.
8
We aimed to find out how magnesium affects urinary levels of magnesium and citrate in people who form kidney stones and have low magnesium in their urine. By examining medical records, we compared two approaches: one group increased their magnesium through foods, while the other group received magnesium supplements.
We focused on adult patients whose urine magnesium levels were less than 70 mg a day. Following our recommendations, we observed significant changes after both dietary increases and supplementation. Those who took magnesium supplements showed a more pronounced improvement—about 88% were able to raise their urine magnesium to at least 70 mg a day, compared to just 58% in the dietary group.
Interestingly, only the supplement group showed a noticeable increase in urine citrate levels, which is also crucial in the prevention of kidney stones. Overall, both dietary and supplemental magnesium effectively improved magnesium levels, but supplementation had greater success in achieving desirable levels.
We focused on adult patients whose urine magnesium levels were less than 70 mg a day. Following our recommendations, we observed significant changes after both dietary increases and supplementation. Those who took magnesium supplements showed a more pronounced improvement—about 88% were able to raise their urine magnesium to at least 70 mg a day, compared to just 58% in the dietary group.
Interestingly, only the supplement group showed a noticeable increase in urine citrate levels, which is also crucial in the prevention of kidney stones. Overall, both dietary and supplemental magnesium effectively improved magnesium levels, but supplementation had greater success in achieving desirable levels.
7
Magnesium reduces kidney stone risk
We examined the relationship between magnesium intake and the risk of kidney stones in adults aged 50 and older. By analyzing data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning over a decade, we aimed to understand whether increasing magnesium levels could help reduce the chances of developing kidney stones.
Our findings revealed that there is indeed a noteworthy link between magnesium consumption and kidney stones. Specifically, we observed that individuals who consumed higher amounts of magnesium had lower odds of experiencing kidney stones. This trend was especially significant for women, who showed a clearer inverse relationship with magnesium intake.
Interestingly, our results indicated that the protective benefits of magnesium plateau around a daily intake of 350 mg. This means that while increasing magnesium consumption can lower the risk of kidney stones, beyond this threshold, additional magnesium may not yield further benefits.
Overall, our study sheds light on the potential role of magnesium in preventing kidney stones and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced diet rich in this essential mineral for individuals over 50.
Our findings revealed that there is indeed a noteworthy link between magnesium consumption and kidney stones. Specifically, we observed that individuals who consumed higher amounts of magnesium had lower odds of experiencing kidney stones. This trend was especially significant for women, who showed a clearer inverse relationship with magnesium intake.
Interestingly, our results indicated that the protective benefits of magnesium plateau around a daily intake of 350 mg. This means that while increasing magnesium consumption can lower the risk of kidney stones, beyond this threshold, additional magnesium may not yield further benefits.
Overall, our study sheds light on the potential role of magnesium in preventing kidney stones and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced diet rich in this essential mineral for individuals over 50.
References
- Zhang J, Luo H, Wu H, Qian Y, Tang Z, et al. The association between domestic water hardness and kidney stone disease: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. Int J Surg. 2025;111:1957. 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002198
- Ma L, Qiao Y, Wang R, Chen H, Liu G, et al. Machine Learning Models Decoding the Association Between Urinary Stone Diseases and Metabolic Urinary Profiles. Metabolites. 2024;14. 10.3390/metabo14120674
- Zhao H, Wang Y, Guan L, Sun Y. Association Between Magnesium Intake and Chronic Kidney Diseases and Kidney Stones in Adults Aged 50 years and Older: Dose-Response Analysis of a Nationally Representative Population-Based Study. J Ren Nutr. 2024. 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.11.004
- Vittori M, Bove P, Signoretti M, Cipriani C, Gasparoli C, et al. Oral supplementation with probiotics, potassium citrate, and magnesium in reducing crystalluria in stone formers: A phase II study. Urologia. 2024;91:681. 10.1177/03915603241272146
- Taheri M, Jalali S, Borumandnia N, Tavasoli S, Basiri A, et al. Effect of magnesium oxide or citrate supplements on metabolic risk factors in kidney stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria: a randomized clinical trial. Magnes Res. 2024;37:12. 10.1684/mrh.2024.0524
- Penniston KL, Coughlin MM, Jhagroo RA. Magnesium Supplementation Increases Urine Magnesium and Citrate in Stone Formers With Hypomagnesuria. J Ren Nutr. 2024. 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.06.002
- Li Q, Krieger NS, Yang L, Asplin J, Bushinsky DA. Magnesium Decreases Urine Supersaturation but Not Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation in Genetic Hypercalciuric Stone-Forming Rats. Nephron. 2024;148:480. 10.1159/000534495
- Shringi S, Raker CA, Tang J. Dietary Magnesium Intake and Kidney Stone: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. R I Med J (2013). 2023;106:20.
- Rodriguez-Hesles CA, Alkhatatbeh H, Alonso Bartolomé MB, Valladares Ferreiro CA, Ayllón Blanco HR, et al. Urine alkalinization for dissolution of uric acid stones and treatment of other urological diseases with a treatment combining potassium magnesium citrate and theobromine. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2025;97:13824. 10.4081/aiua.2025.13824
